Race as Social Construction with Material Effects — Quiz

Omi and Winant define a 'racial project' as which of the following?

According to Lewontin's (1972) analysis of human genetic variation, approximately what percentage of variation lies *between* conventional racial groups?

What does Bonilla-Silva's concept of 'color-blind racism' primarily describe?

In Bertrand and Mullainathan's (2004) resume audit study, resumes with distinctively African-American names received callbacks at approximately what rate compared to equivalent resumes with white names?

Which of the following best illustrates the sociological claim that race is 'constructed AND consequential'?

What does Crenshaw's (1989) concept of intersectionality argue about race and gender?

According to Oliver and Shapiro's *Black Wealth/White Wealth*, what is the primary driver of the persistent Black-white wealth gap?

What does Phelan and Link's 'fundamental cause' framework predict about racial health disparities?

Explain what Fields and Fields mean by 'racecraft' and why the concept matters for sociological analysis of racial inequality.

Using at least two examples from the topic, explain how racial categories have been historically constructed rather than discovered as pre-existing natural kinds.

Why is it analytically insufficient to explain racial disparities in outcomes by pointing to individual racial prejudice alone?

Drawing on at least four of the sources discussed in this topic, construct an argument that explains how race can be simultaneously a social construction and a cause of material inequality. Your answer should address: (a) the evidence that racial categories are socially produced rather than biologically given; (b) the mechanisms through which racial classification produces differential outcomes; and (c) at least one complication or limitation of the mainstream sociological framework.