Environmental Sociology

Sociology of environment, ecology, and human-nature relations, drawing on Catton & Dunlap, Beck, and J. Bellamy Foster.

Environmental Sociology

The New Ecological Paradigm and Environmental Sociology's Founding

Catton and Dunlap's 1978 essay calling sociology to reject human exemptionalism and recognize ecological limits, and the subsequent institutionalization of environmental sociology as a distinct field.

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Risk Society and Reflexive Modernization

Ulrich Beck's *Risk Society* (1986) and Giddens on reflexive modernity: the thesis that late-industrial societies generate manufactured risks whose unequal distribution reshapes politics.

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Treadmill of Production and Environmental Injustice

Schnaiberg's *The Environment* (1980) on the growth-addicted treadmill of production, Bullard on environmental racism, and the debate with ecological-modernization theory.

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Climate Sociology

Sociological analysis of climate change: Kari Norgaard on denial, Timmons Roberts and Parks on climate inequality, and scholarly debates over adaptation versus mitigation.

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Animal Studies and Posthuman Sociology

Multispecies ethnography, Donna Haraway's *Companion Species Manifesto*, and the environmental footprint of animal agriculture.

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